Lemborexant and Daridorexant for the Treatment of Insomnia: An Indirect Comparison, Using Number Needed to Treat, Number Needed to Harm, and Likelihood to Be Helped or Harmed

When does a difference make a difference? Interpretation of number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and likelihood to be helped or harmed.

Although great effort is made in clinical trials to demonstrate statistical superiority of one intervention vs. another, insufficient attention is paid regarding the clinical relevance or clinical significance of the observed outcomes. Effect sizes are not always reported. Available absolute effect size measures include Cohen's d, area under the curve, success rate difference, attributable risk...

Number needed to treat (NNT); number needed to harm (NNH).

Deriving number-needed-to-treat and number-needed-to-harm from the SAINT I trial results.

Deriving Number-Needed-to-Treat and Number-Needed-to-Harm From the Saint I Trial Results To the Editor: In their recent publication regarding interpretation of the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) trial,1 Koziol and Feng use the definition, but not the derivation method, for number-needed-to-treat (NNT) and number-needed-to-harm (NNH) that was previously described.2 As a result the...

Number Needed to Treat

[Using "number needed to treat" to interpret treatment effect].

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has rapidly emerged as a new paradigm in medicine worldwide. The clinical medicine in twenty-first century could be the era of EBM. Randomized controlled trial has been regarded as the gold standard for evaluating the treatment effect of a new drug or a new therapy. The effect of a treatment versus controls may be expressed in relative or absolute measures. Relativ...